The Constitution of the United States is considered a living document, meaning that it is a document that is constantly evolving through amendments to keep up with the ever-changing political climate.

It is a sad situation that today many, in fact the majority of voters or even people commenting on the American gov’t when it comes to choosing the elected officials do not know what they are talking about, whether they are aware that the Constitution lays out the foundation of the American gov’t then we wouldn’t hear such nonsense of people speculating that  the Supreme Court will pick who will be the President if an election is disputed.  So, let’s talk about the Constitution.

The origins of the U.S constitution began during acts of rebellion in what is known as the American revolution. Before hostilities on the battlefield began, there was the establishment of the Continental Congress during a period that is referred too as the “Intolerable Acts.” Whereby the British passed four unpopular laws.

 The first of those laws was the “Massachusetts Government Act,” which altered the Massachusetts Charter and restricted town meetings. The second one was the “Administration of Justice Act,” which ordered that all British soldiers that are due to be tried for any offenses to be sent back to England to be arraigned and trialed in England and not the colonies. The third was the “Boston Port Act,” which closed the port of Boston until the British were compensated for the tea that was lost during the Boston Tea Party. The fourth one was the “Quartering Act of 1774,” which gave the colonies Governors permission to house British troops in the homes of citizens without permission of the owner.

 In the same year when those unpopular laws were passed. A convention was held at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where representatives of twelve of the colonies met which established the First Continental Congress.

The Continental Congress attempted to negotiate with the British and sent entreaties to King George III asking him to stop the “intolerable acts.”

The Continental Congress also called on the other colonies, Quebec, Nova Scottia, St Johns Island (now called Prince Edward Island), Georgia, East and West Florida to join their cause, but ultimately, Georgia was the only one to send representatives.

Before adjourning, the First Continental Congress agreed to meet again if their grievances with England remained unresolved.

With the establishment of the Continental Congress, it started the coordination of the American resistance activities, which armed and unified the colonists against the British.   

Unfortunately, the grievances with the British remained unresolved and the convening of the Second Continental Congress took place on May 10^th 1775 at Liberty Hall in Philadelphia. They were to plan responses to the British refusal to repeal or even modify the Intolerable Act. But the battlefield phase of the American Revolution started and thus the Continental Congress were called upon to take charge of the American war effort.

The Continental Congress became the defacto government of the thirteen colonies. Without the legal authority from the British to govern, the Continental Congress assumed every function of a national government. The only authority that it did not have was to levy taxes. If money, supplies, and troops were needed, the Continental Congress would have to request it from the individual colonies.

In June of 1776 a resolution was proposed to the Continental Congress. That proposal was called “Resolution for Independence.” This resolution asserted that the thirteen colonies were free and independent states and separate from the British Empire.

While Congress was debating adopting the “Resolution for Independence, committees were formed to draft a Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation and a Model treaty.

On July 2^nd 1776, the “Resolution of Independence,” passed and the Continental Congress adopted it and on July 4^th 1776 the formal explanation for independence was given, declaring independence from Great Britain.

The Declaration of Independence is as follows:

“When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature’s god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”

“We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness- That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for the light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces, a design to reduce them under absolute despotism. It is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.”

 “Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constraints them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated inquires and usurpations, all having the direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.”

“He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.”

“He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.”

“He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in legislature, a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only.”

“He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.”

“He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of people.”

“He has refused for a long time , after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.”

“He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.”

“He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.”

“He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance,”

“He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.”

“He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.”

“He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:”

“For protecting quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:”

“For protecting them , by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states.”

“For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:”

“For imposing taxes on us without our consent”

“For depriving us, in many cases, the benefits of trial by jury.”

“For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences.”

“For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies.”

“For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments.”

“For suspending our own legislatures and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.”

“He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.”

“He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.”

“He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complect the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.”

“He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and conditions.”

“In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be ruler of a free people. “

“Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British Brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends.”

“We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in general Congress, assembled, appealing to the supreme judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do in the name, and by authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be. Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.”

“And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor:”

“John Hancock; Samuel Chase; William Paca; Thomas Stone; Charles Carrol of Carrolton; George Wythe; Richard Henry Lee; Thomas Jefferson; Benjamin Harrison; Thomas Nelson jr; Frances Lightfoot Lee; Carter Braxton; Rob Morris; Benjamin Rush; Benjamin Franklin; John Morton; George Clymer; James Smith; George Taylor; James Wilson; George Ross; Caesar Rodney; George Read; Thomas M Kean; William Floyed; Phillip Livingston; Arthur Middleton; Button Gwinnett; Francis Lewis; Lewis Morris; Richard Stockton; John Witherspoon; Francis Hopkinson; John Hart; Abraham Clark; Josiah Bartlett; William Whipple; Samuel Adams; John Adams; Robert Treat Paine; Elbridge Gerry; Roger Sherman; Samuel   Huntington; William Williams; Oliver Wolcott; Matthew Thronton; William Hooper; Joesph Hewes; John Penn; Edward Rutledge; Thomas Heyward Jun; Thomas Lynch Jun; Lyman Hall; George Walton.”

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